Getting Started
New to tech economics? This curated guide helps you focus on what matters most.
Roadmaps
Choose a roadmap based on what you want to learn. Each includes recommended resources and packages to get started.
Learn Python
Programming fundamentals for researchers — data manipulation, visualization, and workflows
Resources
- Coding for practitioners Built specifically for econ researchers
- The Missing Semester (MIT) Git, shell, debugging — skills they don't teach in PhD programs
- Python for Econometrics NumPy, pandas, statsmodels from Kevin Sheppard
- Python Data Science Handbook Free reference for NumPy, Pandas, Matplotlib
Learn Statistics
Hypothesis testing, inference, and distributions — the foundation for empirical work
Resources
- StatQuest (Josh Starmer) Visual intuition for stats — the 'Bill Nye of Statistics'
- Seeing Theory (Brown) Beautiful interactive visualizations for building intuition
- Think Stats Programming-first approach with real datasets
- Scipy.stats Documentation Reference for distributions and tests
Learn ML
Prediction, tree models, and cross-validation — for forecasting and pattern recognition
Resources
- Andrew Ng's ML Specialization THE beginner starting point - visual-first, 4.8M learners
- Google ML Crash Course Free interactive exercises from Google
- fast.ai Practical Deep Learning Code first, teaches math along the way
- Introduction to Statistical Learning Free textbook with Python code
Packages
- scikit-learn The essential ML library - start here
- XGBoost Industry-standard gradient boosting
Learn Causal Inference
Treatment effects, DiD, RDD, and IV — answer 'what if' questions with data
Resources
- Causal Inference for the Brave and True The best free intro with Python code
- The Effect DAGs that don't suck, readable and modern
- Causal Inference: The Mixtape Reads like a conversation, not a textbook
Learn Product Sense
PM thinking, metrics selection, and product strategy — build intuition for what to build and why
Resources
- SVPG: Product Management Start Here Beginner entry point from Marty Cagan
- Lenny's Newsletter & Podcast 1M+ subscribers, accessible ongoing learning
- Marty Cagan: INSPIRED THE essential PM book
- Ken Norton: How to Hire a PM Short essay defining PM competencies
- Intercom: RICE Framework Simple prioritization framework
Learn Experimentation
A/B testing, power analysis, and statistical rigor — bridge your training to industry experiments
Resources
- Trustworthy Online Controlled Experiments (Kohavi) THE industry bible — Kohavi (Microsoft), Tang (Google), Xu (LinkedIn)
- Evan Miller's A/B Testing Tools Interactive calculators — understand stats under the hood
- Understanding CUPED (Matteo Courthoud) Most accessible CUPED explanation — derives variance reduction clearly
- Netflix Tech Blog: Experimentation Series Platform architecture, sequential testing at scale
- Uber: Supercharging A/B Testing Rebuilding experimentation — 1,000+ concurrent experiments
Packages
- GrowthBook SDK Feature flags and experiments — open source
- Spotify Confidence Production-grade sequential A/B testing
Learn SQL
Querying data, joins, and aggregations — essential for any data role
Resources
- SQLBolt No setup, run queries in browser — start here
- Mode SQL Tutorial Interactive lessons with real database
- SELECT Star SQL Interactive book teaching SQL through meaningful analysis
- 8 Week SQL Challenge (Danny Ma) 8 business case studies with CTEs and window functions
- DataLemur Real DS interview questions with business context
Packages
- duckdb Modern SQL on your laptop, reads Parquet
- sqlalchemy Python's database toolkit
Learn Data Structures
Arrays, linked lists, trees, and graphs — the building blocks for efficient algorithms
Resources
- Problem Solving with Algorithms & Data Structures (Python) Free interactive textbook — visualizations and runnable code
- Real Python: Data Structures Practical guide with Python-specific implementations
- USF Data Structure Visualizations Interactive animations — see how trees, heaps, and graphs work
- LeetCode Explore: Data Structures Structured practice cards with solutions
Learn Algorithms
Sorting, searching, dynamic programming, and graph algorithms — the patterns that power interviews
Resources
- freeCodeCamp: Algorithms Course 8-hour free video course — clear explanations
- Abdul Bari (YouTube) Exceptional whiteboard DSA explanations
- VisuAlgo Animated algorithm visualizations — sorting, graphs, DP
- TheAlgorithms/Python 200+ algorithm implementations in Python — reference code
Learn LeetCode
Coding interview practice — curated problem sets and patterns for FAANG interviews
Resources
- NeetCode Roadmap Curated 150 problems with video explanations
- Blind 75 / Grind 75 The 75 essential problems — customizable study plan
- LeetCode Patterns 14 patterns to solve any question
- HackerRank Interview Prep Kit Structured practice by topic — warmup to hard
- Structy Designed for true beginners, progressive difficulty ($60/yr)
Learn Automation
Web scraping, APIs, and workflow automation — collect and process data at scale
Resources
- Automate the Boring Stuff with Python Free, practical skills for data work
- Postman Academy Free API certification path — often more useful than scraping
- Real Python: Web Scraping BeautifulSoup and requests guide
- Playwright for Python Modern browser automation (faster than Selenium)
- Scrapy Documentation Industrial-strength web scraping
Packages
- requests HTTP for humans — start here
- beautifulsoup4 Parse HTML the simple way
Learn Optimization (OR)
Linear programming, convex optimization, and combinatorial methods — solve pricing, scheduling, and allocation problems
Resources
- MIT 15.053: Optimization Methods Beginner-friendly LP — geometry and visualization before algebra
- QuantEcon: Linear Programming Python notebooks from Nobel Laureate Sargent — economics applications
- Real Python: Linear Programming SciPy and PuLP with clear explanations — includes MIP
- CVXPY Short Course Hands-on convex optimization in Python — from Boyd's group
- Convex Optimization (Boyd & Vandenberghe) The bible — free online, universally cited
Packages
- scipy.optimize Built into SciPy — start here for basics
- PuLP Beginner-friendly LP/MIP — supports multiple solvers
Learn Agentic Workflows
Build AI agents that reason, plan, and execute — tool use, multi-agent systems, and orchestration
Resources
- Agentic AI (DeepLearning.AI) Andrew Ng on the four design patterns — start here
- AI Agents in LangGraph (DeepLearning.AI) Build agents from scratch with Harrison Chase
- Building Effective Agents (Anthropic) Design patterns from Claude's creators — best practitioner guide
- LangGraph Documentation Official docs — the industry standard framework
Learn Forecasting
Time series analysis, demand forecasting, and prediction — ARIMA, Prophet, and modern ML methods for business planning
Resources
- Forecasting: Principles and Practice (Python) THE definitive resource — Hyndman's book with Nixtla Python code
- Penn State STAT 510 Free graduate course — ARIMA, spectral analysis, ARCH/GARCH
- Uber: Forecasting Introduction ARIMA, Holt-Winters, Theta — insights from M4 winner Smyl
- statsforecast Documentation Nixtla's AutoARIMA — 19x faster than pmdarima
- sktime: Unified Framework scikit-learn API for time series — NeurIPS paper
Packages
- statsmodels SARIMAX, VAR, state space — classical econometrics
- prophet Meta's additive model — good for business seasonality
Industry Domains
Nine core domains where economists thrive in tech — covering the courses, books, Python packages, and practitioner resources that will accelerate your transition from academic to applied work.
Pricing & Subscriptions
Dynamic pricing, subscription dynamics, and revenue optimization — price elasticity estimation and causal inference form the core toolkit
Learning Resources
- Chargebee: SaaS Pricing Models Guide 7 pricing models with examples — beginner-friendly
- OpenView SaaS Pricing Guide Comprehensive with 'Start Here' section for newcomers
- Lenny's Podcast: Madhavan Ramanujam Accessible audio on WTP and behavioral pricing
- Gurobi: Price Optimization with Competing Products OR tutorial — predictive model + optimization in Python
Python Packages
- DoWhy Causal graph framework with refutation tests
- statsmodels OLS regression for elasticity estimation
Ads & Auctions
Mechanism design and auction theory in industry — researchers with game theory backgrounds have direct advantages here
Learning Resources
- WordStream: What is Google Ads Beginner-friendly auction intro with infographics
- Google Ads Help: How the Auction Works Official Google guide on ad rank and bidding
- Roughgarden: Algorithmic Game Theory Free Stanford lectures — Incentives in CS is accessible
- GSP Auction Paper (Edelman et al., AER 2007) Foundational paper on search advertising auctions
Python Packages
- PyMC-Marketing Bayesian MMM with adstock and saturation
- CausalImpact Bayesian structural time-series for interventions
Marketing Analytics
CLV modeling, attribution, and retention analytics — researchers' panel data experience transfers directly to cohort analysis
Learning Resources
- Shopify: What is Customer Lifetime Value Beginner-friendly CLV intro with examples
- PyMC-Marketing CLV Quickstart Practical Python tutorial with BG/NBD models
- Google Analytics Certification Free structured learning from Google
- GrowthFullStack: MMM in Google Sheets Free MMM template — no data scientist needed
- Brave and True: Synthetic Control Accessible causal inference with Python code
Python Packages
- PyMC-Marketing Unified CLV + MMM, Bayesian, production-ready
- lifelines Survival analysis for retention and churn
Risk, Safety & Trust
Fraud detection, credit risk, and trust & safety ML — causal inference handles adversarial, imbalanced problems
Learning Resources
- Stripe: ML for Fraud Protection The definitive intro — features, precision-recall, break-even
- Fraud Detection Handbook (ULB) From the team that created the Kaggle dataset
- scikit-learn: Outlier Detection Isolation Forest, LOF, One-Class SVM comparison
- DataCamp: Fraud Detection in Python Structured course on imbalanced classification
- InfoQ: Fraud Detection with Random Forest Practical classifier tutorial with code
Python Packages
- PyOD 50+ anomaly detection algorithms, 26M+ downloads
- imbalanced-learn SMOTE, ADASYN for class imbalance
Recommendation Systems
Random utility models underpin collaborative filtering — preference elicitation mirrors revealed preference theory
Learning Resources
- Google ML Recommendation Course Gold standard starter — 4 hours, candidate generation to re-ranking
- StatQuest: Collaborative Filtering Visual, jargon-free explanation from Josh Starmer
- Fast.ai Lesson 7: Collaborative Filtering Accessible deep dive, embeddings explained intuitively
- TFRS Quickstart Colab Build a movie recommender in minutes
- Netflix: How Recommendations Work Official non-technical conceptual overview
Search & Ranking
Learning-to-rank combines ML with causal inference — counterfactual learning addresses position bias like selection bias correction
Learning Resources
- Introduction to Information Retrieval (Manning) The canonical free textbook from Stanford
- From RankNet to LambdaMART (Burges) Definitive paper on learning-to-rank algorithms
- Airbnb: Embedding-Based Retrieval Two-tower architecture, practical industry example
- Deep Learning at Airbnb Search (QCon) Practitioner walkthrough from Malay Haldar
- Joachims: Unbiased Learning-to-Rank Foundational paper on position bias correction
Python Packages
- XGBoost (XGBRanker) LambdaMART with rank:ndcg objective
- sentence-transformers Pre-trained Sentence-BERT embeddings
Logistics & Supply Chain
Minimal starter kit for routing, dispatch, and demand forecasting — free, practitioner-focused resources
Learning Resources
- Georgia Tech (Ratliff): 10 Rules for Supply Chain Optimization Practitioner checklist for scoping, data readiness, constraints, deployment — free PDF
- Google OR-Tools: VRP + VRPTW Tutorial Core logistics vocabulary (depot, fleet, constraints) with working Python baseline
- DoorDash: ML + Optimization for Dispatch Clearest 'real system' explanation: predictions feed optimizer, then simulation closes the loop
- StatsForecast: Intermittent/Sparse Data Tutorial Demand is often intermittent (lots of zeros) — learn baselines built for that
Python Packages
- ortools Routing/assignment baselines you can run and extend
- statsforecast Fast statistical forecasting incl. intermittent-demand models
Growth Data Science
Growth loops, funnel analysis, and experimentation — diff-in-diff and regression discontinuity power incrementality testing
Learning Resources
- Lenny's Newsletter: How Duolingo Reignited User Growth Case study on gamification, streaks, and retention mechanics
- Causal Inference for the Brave and True Best free intro to DiD, IV, RDD with Python code
- NFX Network Effects Manual Framework for 16 types of network effects
- Growth Accounting & Backtraced Growth Accounting User lifecycle states: New, Retained, Churned, Resurrected
- Measuring Product Health (Sequoia) Definitive guide: DAU/MAU, cohort curves, Quick Ratio
Python Packages
- scipy.stats T-tests, z-tests, chi-squared for A/B
- lifelines Survival analysis for retention curves
Explore the Full Database
Ready to dive deeper? Browse the complete collection.